人教版八年级下册Unit 7 词汇、句型精讲

词汇精讲

1. population

population意为“人口”时，是一个集体名词，被看作一个整体，在句中做主语时，后面的谓语动词用单数形式。例如：The population ofChinais large.

中国人口众多。

【拓展】

(1) 当表示一个城市、地区或国家有多少人口时，常用以下两种结构，即“the population of + 某地 + is + 数词”或“某地 + has a population of + 数词”。例如：

The population of London is over ten million.

= London has a population of over ten million. 伦敦的人口超过一千万。

(2) population可与large，small搭配，但不能与many，few搭配。例如：

The city with its large population has become crowded.

这个人口众多的城市变得拥挤不堪了。

(3) 询问人口数量常用what或how large。例如：

What’s the population of the city?

= How large is the population of the city? 这个城市有多少人口？

(4) population前有修饰词，如分数、百分数时，表示整体人口中的一部分，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：

One half of the population of the city are farmers. 这个城市的一半人口是农民。

2. protect

protect作及物动词，意为“保护”。常

用搭配protect sb./sth.

from/against…，意为“保护某人/某物

免受……伤害”。例如：

We should protect rare animals.

我们应该保护珍稀动物。

Parents protect their young from

danger. 父母保护他们的儿女不受伤害。

3. include

include作动词，意为“包括；包含”。

例如：

The price for the hotel includes breakfast.

旅店的费用包括早餐在内。

The parcel included a dictionary.

那包裹里有一本字典。

【拓展】including除了是include的现在

分词/动名词之外，在日常运用中一般被

当作介词使用，和其后的名词/代词一起

形成介宾短语，意思是“包括……在

内”。例如：

There are many different kinds of moon cakes, including fruit, coffee and ham. 有很多种月饼，包括水果的，咖啡的和火腿月饼。

There are 40 students in the classroom, including me. 班里有40名学生，包括我在内。

同样，included也有介词用法，且：including + 宾语 = 宾语 + included。所以上个例句亦可写成：

There are 40 students in the classroom, me included.

4. succeed

succeed作不及物动词，意为“成功”；

表示做某事做成功了，succeed 后通常接

in doing sth。例如：

His plan succeeded.

他的计划成功了。

At last he succeeded in solving the problem. 他终于把那个问题解决了。

She succeeded in passing the exam.

她考试及格了。

【拓展】

(1)success 表示抽象意义的“成功”，作

不可数名词；表示具体意义的“成功的人

或事”, 则是可数名词。例如：

Failure is the mother of success.

失败是成功之母。

His new book was a great success.

他新出版的书获得了巨大成功。

(2)successful作形容词，意为“成功

的”。例如：

The performance was successful.

演出很成功。

It was a successful experiment.

那是一次成功的试验。

5. achieve

(1)achieve作及物动词，意为“完成；实

现”。例如：

You will never achieve anything if you

spend your time that way.

你若总是这样消磨时间，就永远不会有所成就。

Everybody should be given the chance

to achieve their aims.

要让每个人都有机会实现自己的目标。

No one can achieve anything without

effort. 谁也不可能不努力而有所作为。

(2)achieve作及物动词，意为“达到；赢

得”。例如：

The actor achieved fame when he was

only nineteen.

那位演员十九岁时就成名了。

She achieved no success.

她没有获得成功。

【拓展】achievement作名词，意为“成

就；成绩”。例如：

The invention of the computer is a great achievement.

发明电脑是一大成就。

6. force

(1)force作名词，意为“力；力量；武力”。例如：

The force of the explosion broke all the

windows in the building.

爆炸的力量震碎了这座建筑上的所有窗户。

The law should remain in force.

法律应当有效力。

We’ll settle the problem by force if necessary.

如果有必要的话，我们会用武力解决这个问题。

(2)force作动词，意为“强迫”。

force sb. to do sth.意为“强迫某人做某

事”。例如：

I can’t force him to stay.

我不能强迫他暂时留下来。

7. weigh

weigh表示“称……的重量”，是及物动

词；表示“重(多少)”，是不及物动词。

He weighed the fish.

他称了这条鱼。

Do you often weigh yourself?

你经常称体重吗?

He weighs 60 kilos.

他体重60公斤。

The meat weighs five pounds.

这肉重五磅。

【拓展】weight是名词，意为“重量，体重”。例如：

What’s your weight? 你体重是多少？

比较：by weight 和 in weightby weight表示“按重量”，in weight表示“重量上”。例如：

Do they charge carriage by weight?

他们是按重量收取运费吗?

It’s smaller in size but greater in weight. 它体积比较小，但分量比较重。

8. take in

take in意为“吸入；吞入（体内）”。例

如：

On weekends the Smiths usually drive to the countryside and take in the fresh air there.周末，史密斯一家常驱车到农村去呼吸那里的新鲜空气。

【拓展】

(1)take in意为“领会；理解”。例如：

Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the meaning of the words. 动手翻译句子之前，首先要理解单词的含义。

(2)take in意为“欺骗；蒙蔽”。例如：

Law will protect the girl taken in and sold by the abductor. 法律将保护那位被人贩子欺骗和拐卖的姑娘。

(3) take in意为“接受；收留”。例如： The poor man had nowhere to live in, so we took him in. 那个可怜的人没有地方住，所以我们让他住在我家。

练一练：

I. 英汉短语互译。

1．出生时________________

2．跌倒________________

3．和某人一起玩________________

4．砍伐________________

5．吸入；吞入（体内）__________

6．in the future________________

7．talk about________________

8．walk into________________

9．as far as I know________________

10．give up________________

II. 根据汉语或首字母提示完成单词。

1．Every year thousands of t______ come to visit my hometown．

2．The Great Wall is an a_______ man-made object．

3．Many animals are in danger．We should do something to p______ them．

4．Work hard and you can a______ your dream．

5．It’s midnight，but I am not asleep，I am still a______．

6．Pandas feed on ______(竹子)．

7．______(日本) is to the east of China．

8．His ______(病)was more serious than the doctor first thought．

9．The ______(旅行) took in six European capitals．

10．Are there any ______(野生的)animals in the forest?

III. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。

1．I want to know the ______(weigh) of the vegetables．

2．My sister couldn’t get to sleep．She was still _______(wake)．

3．The boys were running in ______(excite)．

4．He died after a long _______(ill)．

5．She _______ (fall) over and broke her leg．

【参考答案】

I. 英汉短语互译。

1．at birth 2．fall over 3．play with sb．

4．cut down 5．take in

6．在将来 7．谈论 8．撞到；走进

9．据我所知 10．放弃

II. 根据汉语或首字母提示完成单词。

1．tourists 2．ancient 3．protect

4．achieve 5．awake 6．bamboo

7．Japan 8．illness 9．tour 10．wild

III. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。

1．weight 2．awake 3．excitement

4．illness 5．fell

句式精讲

1. As far as I know, there are no man-made objects as big as this.

as far as I know是一个固定表达方式，还可以说so far as I know，意为“据我所知”。例如：

As far as I know, Wang Tao has two brothers. 据我所知，王涛有俩弟弟。

They’re not coming this Sunday, so far as I know. 他们这周日不来了——就我所知是这样的。

2. This spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.

give up是动词短语，意为“放弃；停止；戒除”。

give up doing something意为“放弃做某事；半途而废”。例如：

She doesn’t give up easily. 她不会轻易放弃。

The doctors had given her up but she made a remarkable recovery. 医生们已放弃了治愈她的希望，而她却恢复得很好。

You ought to give up smoking; I gave it up last year. 你应该戒烟，我去年就戒掉了。

【拓展】give的相关短语：

give away赠送，分发；

give off放出，释放；

give in屈服，让步；

give out分发，用完；

give back归还

3. Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the remaining forests.

本句中living in the remaining forests为现在分词短语，修饰名词pandas。

分词短语作定语时，应置于被修饰名词之后。例如：

The man standing by the window is our teacher.

站在窗边的那个人是我们老师。

（standing by the window就是一短语，也就是说不是一个单词，在此作定语表主动）

Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green.

突然出现一个穿绿色衣服的女青年。

（过去分词短语作定语表被动或完成）

【注意】

区别：现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生或与谓语动作同时（或基本同时）发生，表示主动意义；及物动词的过去分词作定语表完成或被动的动作；不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表完成不表被动的动作。例如：

They lived in the house facing the south.

他们住在朝南的房子里。(现在分词作定语表示主动意义)

The meeting held yesterday is important.

昨天开的会议很重要。（及物动词的过去分词表被动或完成）

(2)分词短语作定语相当于一个定语从句，修饰前面的名词。例如：

The man reading a novel at the desk is my father.（现在分词表“主动、正在”）

= The man who is reading a novel at the desk is my father.

在桌边读小说的人是我父亲。

Is there anything planned for tonight? （过去分词表“被动、已经”）

= Is there anything that has been planned for tonight?

今晚有什么活动吗？

4. Pandas do not have many babies, maybe one every two years.

every+ 基数词+ 复数名词=every+ 序数词+ 单数名词，作“每(多少)”解。例如：

every three days 每三天或每隔两天

相当于 every third day

We hand in our homework every three days.

我们每隔两天（每三天）交一次作业。

【拓展】

(1)“every other+单数名词”意为“每隔一……”。例如：

every other day 每隔一天 every other tree 每隔一棵树

(2)“every few+复数名词”意为“每隔几……”。例如：

every few days每隔几天

5. One of the world’s most dangerous sports is mountain climbing…

one of +the +形容词最高级+复数名词/代词，意为“最……之一”，当其作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：

His brother is one of the tallest boys in the class.

他弟弟是这个班最高的男生之一。

The song is one of the most popular songs.

这首歌是最流行的歌之一。

One of us has nothing for breakfast.

我们中有一个人没吃早饭。

练一练：

I．连词成句。

1．the，what’s，cheapest，in，the，car，store

_______________________________?

2．Mary，her，a，is，lot，serious，more，than，sister

_______________________________．

3．David，as，is，as，me，clever

_______________________________．

4．the，animals，has，more，zoo，than，that，one

_______________________________．

5．the，theater，best，what’s，movie

_______________________________ ?

II. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。

1．Basketball is more popular than football in the USA．(改为同义句)

Football is _______ _______ popular as basketball in the USA．

2．I’m tall．My best friend is also tall．(合并为一句)

My best friend and I _______ _______ _______．

3．Tom is tall．Jim is short．(合并为一句)

Tom is _______ _______ Jim．

4．Tom and Jack don’t look the same．(改为同义句)

Tom looks _______ _______ Jack．

5．The population of this city is about 6 million.(就划线部分提问)

_______ _______ is the population of this city?

III. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。

1．这所学校招收外国学生。

The school ______ ______ foreign students．

2．你的房间和我的一样大。

Your room is ______ ______ ______ mine．

3．世界上最高的人是谁?

Who is ______ ______ ______ in the world?

4．他是中国最有名的作家之一。

He is ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______in China．

5．我的苹果比你的大得多。

My apple is ______ ______ than yours．

6．那些幼崽经常死于疾病，不会活太长时间。

The babies often ________ ________ ________ and do not live very long．

7．科学家说现在有不到2，000只熊猫居住在剩下的森林里。

Scientists say there are now ________ than 2，000 pandas ________ in the remaining forests．

IV. 语法专练：用方框中所给短语完成句子。

the funniest performer，the loudest，the most talented，the best singer，the dullest

1．Wang Lin won the prize for ________．She sang a cute pop song．

2．Zhou Jian told us a very funny story，so he was _______．

3．The boys’ musical group sang so loud that they were _______ of all．

4．The prize for ______ actress went to Liu Meili，for she played best in the opera．

5．Li Ming with his pet parrot showed us a short play．But he couldn’t make the bird talk as people did．So everyone thought their play was _______ one．

V. 从方框中选择恰当的句子补全下列对话，使对话意思完整。(其中有两项多余)

A.What’s it used for?

B.That sounds interesting．

C.It’s very useful．

D.How can it fly?

E.Who invented it?

F.How was it invented?

G.It’s used for opening and locking our autobike．

A：Look at that strange thing，Wei Hua! What’s that?

B：It’s a key． 1

A：Autobike? What’s it then? 2

B：It’s a battery-operated machine and it was invented by my father!

A： 3

B：It’s used for riding or flying．

A：Flying? 4

B：You can just ride it like riding an autobike and it will fly if it goes fast enough．

A： 5 I think your father is so great!

B：I think so．He has invented many things．

【参考答案】

I．连词成句

1．What’s the cheapest car in the store

2．Mary is a lot more serious than her sister

3．David is as clever as me

4．The zoo has more animals than that one

5．What’s the best movie theater

II. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子

1．not as/so

2．are both tall

3．taller than

4．different from

5．How large

III. 根据汉语提示，完成句子

1．takes in

2．as big as

3．the tallest person

4．one of the most famous writers

5．much bigger

6．die from illnesses

7．fewer；living

IV. 语法专练：用方框中所给短语完成句子

1．the best singer 2．the funniest performer

3．the loudest 4．the most talented 5．the dullest

V. 从方框中选择恰当的句子补全下列对话，使对话意思完整。(其中有两项多余)

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